1. #include <stdio.h>
int stringLength(char str[])
{
int length = 0;
while (str[length] != '\0')
{
length++;
}
return length;
}
void stringConcatenate(char str1[], char str2[])
{
int i = 0, j = 0;
while (str1[i] != '\0')
{
i++;
}
while (str2[j] != '\0')
{
str1[i] = str2[j];
i++;
j++;
}
str1[i] = '\0';
}
int main()
{
char str1[100], str2[100];
int choice;
printf("Enter the first string: ");
scanf("%s", str1);
printf("Enter the second string:...
Separate Legal Entity
Limited Liability
Perpetual Succession
Transfer of Shares
Sue & Be Sued
Own Property
Professional Management
Better Funding Access
| Feature | Private Co. | Public Co. |
|---|---|---|
| Members | 2 to 200 | Min 7, No Max |
| Shares Transfer | Restricted | Freely Transferable |
| Public Investment | Not Allowed | Allowed via Prospectus |
| Directors | Min 2 | Min 3 |
| Suffix | Pvt Ltd | Ltd |
By Liability:
Steps involved in muscle contraction
Calcium ions is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum
Calcium ions binds to troponin
Myosin cross- bridges bind to the actin
The myosin head pivots toward the center of the sarcomere
The myosin head binds an ATP molecule and detaches from actin
The free myosin head splits ATP
Connect
Terminal cisternae abutting a ttubule (E) Triad
Oxygen- binding protein found in muscle fibers (A) Myoglobin
Bundles of proteins (myofilaments) (B) Myofibril
Q) Key Central Government Institutions Supporting Entrepreneurship
To promote entrepreneurship and the growth of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs), the Central Government of India has established a comprehensive institutional support system.
These institutions provide finance, training, technical assistance, marketing support, and policy guidance to entrepreneurs.
2.1 National Small Industries Corporation (NSIC)
A Government of India enterprise under the Ministry of MSME.
Services Offered:
MOD-4 1. Project Evaluation (2 Marks)
Project evaluation is a systematic assessment of a project’s relevance, design, implementation, and outcomes.
It is carried out to determine the effectiveness, efficiency, impact, and sustainability of a project, and to draw lessons for future planning.
It helps in:
Measuring performance
Ensuring accountability
Enhancing learning for future projects
2. Objectives of Project Evaluation (1 Mark)
To assess whether the project has met its intended goals and objectives
Distributed mutual exclusion:-Distributed mutual exclusion algorithms coordinate access to shared resources in a distributed system, ensuring only one process uses it at a time. Unlike centralized systems, there's no single coordinator. These algorithms rely on message passing among processes to achieve mutual exclusion.Approaches include token-based (a unique token grants access), non-token-based (processes request permission using timestamps), and quorum-based (access granted if a majority of
Institutional support towards entrepreneurship in India:
SIDO – apex body under MSME Ministry, coordinates state policies, provides training, consultancy, tech support, operates SISIs, testing centres, field offices,
NSIC – promotes MSMEs via hire-purchase, raw material distribution, export marketing, tech training, credit support,
SIDBI – apex MSME bank, offers refinance, direct finance, venture capital, modernization loans, SMILE scheme,
NABARD
Risk Management Basics
Risk: Probability of loss or disruption, Asset: Item of value (e.g., data, systems), Threat: Entity exploiting a weakness., Vulnerability: Weakness that can be exploited., Risk Management: Identifying, evaluating, reducing, or accepting risks.
Types of Threat Actors
Script Kiddie: Uses pre-written code, lacks technical skill, wants fame, Hacktivist: Politically motivated, defaces sites or networks, Nation State/APT: Government-backed, highly sophisticated, Organized Crime:
POTENTIAL EXAM QUESTIONS
1. Changes in taxonomy from 1900 to present
-The earliest change started with Carol von Nägeli in the 1800s, who proposed bacteria and fungi be placed in the plant kingdom. However, in 1959, they were given their own kingdom.
-In 1937, the term prokaryote was introduced and Robert G. E. Murray proposed the Kingdom Prokaryotae .
-In the 1960s, the molecular clock was proposed which was an evolutionary timeline based on observations of the nucleotide sequence in an organism.