Slope‑intercept form of a line: y = m x + b Point‑slope form of a line: y – y₁ = m (x – x₁) Standard form of a line: A x + B y = C Rate of change (slope): Δy/Δx = (y₁ – y₂)/(x₁ – x₂) Quadratic equation: a x² + b x + c = 0 Quadratic formula: x = [–b ± √(b² – 4 a c)]/(2 a) Sphere surface area: SA = 4 π r² Sphere volume: V = (4/3) π r³ Cone surface area: SA = π r (r + h) Cone volume: V = (1/3) π r² h Trapezoid area: A = ½ (b₁ + b₂)
Q1. What is the optimal temperature range for Bacillus stearothermophilus?
A: 55°C (thermophile)
Q2. Which organism produces red pigment at 25°C?
A: Serratia marcescens
Q3. What does no pigment but visible turbidity in S. marcescens at 37°C suggest?
A: Growth occurred, but pigment production is temperature-sensitive.
Q4. What is the term for bacteria that grow best at cold temps but also at room temp?
A: Psychrotroph (e.g., Pseudomonas fluorescens)
Q5. What color does E. coli appear on MacConkey
1st Five Year Plan (1951–1956)
Focus: Agriculture, irrigation, and price stability
Objective: Recover from partition and post-independence economic crisis
Result: Successful, with 3.6% growth (target was 2.1%)
🔹 2nd Five Year Plan (1956–1961)
Focus: Industrialization – heavy industries
Model: Mahalanobis model
Key Feature: Public sector-led growth
Result: Mixed, growth was 4.27%
🔹 3rd Five Year Plan (1961–1966)
Focus: Agriculture + industry + education
Challenge: War with China (
Genes and Genomes
Every cell contains a complete set of genetic instructions—the genome—encoded in DNA and organized into genes packaged on chromosomes. A gene is a specific DNA sequence that encodes a functional product (usually a protein or an RNA). Genetic variation (mutations) underlies phenotypic differences, while environmental factors also contribute to traits .
DNA vs. RNA
| Feature | DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) | RNA (Ribonucleic Acid) |
|---|---|---|
| Sugar |
Handoff Strategies in Cellular Networks
Handoff strategies are essential in cellular networks to maintain call quality when a mobile device moves from one cell to another. The Mobile Switching Center (MSC) facilitates the seamless transfer of calls, ensuring minimal disruption to users.
1. Handoff Prioritization:
Handoffs are given priority over new call requests. This is crucial for maintaining ongoing conversations without interruption.
Ensuring successful and infrequent handoffs is important
Kcat = Vmax/ (Et)...... V0 = Vmax [S] / (ɑKM + [S])........
KI - dissociation constant for the inhibitor from the enzyme
Competetive Inhibiters: Affects the slope of the line, Y intercept (1/ Vmax) does not change, Km does Change (when A is high slope gets steeper and line moves closer to origin)
UnCompetetive Inhibiters: Apparent Km changes and Vmax changes (Parellel)
Mix: A is bigger and more competitive. a is less the uncompeteive. a is equal then non competeive.
Used:1 glucose; 2 ATP;
Here's a neat representation and explanation of the Unified Process (UP) Model along with its phases:
Time →
+----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
| Inception | Elaboration | Construction | Transition |
+----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
| Requirements | Architecture | Development | Deployment |
| Analysis | Design | Implementation| Testing |
+--Here are detailed answers to all your questions without using tables:
1. Differentiate executeQuery() and executeUpdate() with example:
The method executeQuery() is used when you want to retrieve data from the database, typically using a SELECT statement. It returns a ResultSet object which contains the data returned by the query.
Example:
ResultSet rs = statement.executeQuery
("SELECT * FROM users");
while (rs.next()) {
System.out.println(rs.getString("username"));
}
The method executeUpdate(
Question Bank Topic 1 with Solutions – Net Value Functions Question Bank #1 – Net Value Functions: L03 – Engineering Economics & Net Value Applications Review Questions Recall the nanoRIMS example discussed in lecture. If the net value of buying the nanoparticles is $0 (the reference), determine the net value per week of having a grad student make the nanoparticles based on the following information: Benefit = $896/week Cost = Cost of consumable supplies per week Ingredients
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