Documents shared by Anónimo

1. Functions of I/O Interface and Its Need
Functions of I/O Interface:

Synchronizes the speed difference between CPU and I/O devices.

Selects and addresses the appropriate I/O device for communication.

Provides control and timing signals for data transfer.

Buffers data during transfer, managing data flow between CPU and devices.

Converts data formats (e.g., serial to parallel, digital to analog and vice versa).

Detects and reports errors during data transfer.

Handles interrupts to inform CPU when

Sure! Here's a detailed explanation for each of your questions:

1) Define Software Engineering as a "Layered Technology"

Software Engineering is called a layered technology because it is built on a foundation with multiple layers, each supporting the one above it. The layers are:

1. Quality Focus (Foundation Layer):

   • Ensures the process and product quality.
   • Every layer depends on the focus on quality.

2. Process Layer:

   • Acts as the framework for software development.
   • Provides control and coordination

Explain array implementation of list. 5 marks

An array implementation of a list involves using a contiguous block of memory to store elements, allowing for efficient access and manipulation. Here’s a breakdown of the key aspects of this implementation:

1.) Structure:

°An array is a fixed-size data structure that holds elements of the same type. In the context of a list, an array can be used to store the list elements in sequential memory locations.

°The size of the array is typically defined

Define ADT. Explain array as an ADT? (2+3 marks)

An Abstract Data Type (ADT) is a conceptual model that defines a set of operations and behaviors for a data structure, without specifying the underlying implementation details. Arrays, as an ADT, define how data is organized and accessed through indices, but not how it's actually stored in memory. 

Arrays as an ADT 

-An array ADT defines a collection of elements that can be accessed by their index (position). 

-Common operations on an array ADT

Nutrition:  Nutrition is the biochemical and physiological processes by which an organism uses food support its life. 

Health:    Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well being and absence of disease. 

Type of Health:

1. Physical Health 2. Social Health 3. Spiritual Health 4. Emotional Health

1. Physical Health:  It is define as the state in which every cell and every organ is functioning at optimum capicity and imperfect hormony will the rest of the body. The physical

Q1) Salient Features of the Indian Constitution: It is a written and lengthy Constitution, one of the longest in the world. It has a blend of rigidity and flexibility, where some parts are easily amendable while others need a special majority. It adopts the Parliamentary form of government modeled after the British system. The Constitution provides a federal system with a unitary bias, meaning powers are divided between the Centre and States but the Centre holds dominance. It ensures an independent

Q1) Salient Features of the Indian Constitution

1. Written and Lengthy Constitution – It’s one of the longest constitutions in the world.

2. Blend of Rigidity and Flexibility – Some parts can be amended easily, others require a special majority.

3. Parliamentary Form of Government – Modeled after the British system.

4. Federal System with Unitary Bias – Powers are divided between Centre and States, but Centre holds more power.

5. Independent Judiciary – Judiciary is impartial and has the

a) DividendA dividend is a portion of a company’s profits distributed to its shareholders. It is decided by the Board of Directors and approved by the shareholders at the Annual General Meeting (AGM).Types of dividend include:1.Interim Dividend – Declared before the AGM.2.Final Dividend – Declared at the AGM after the financial year ends.As per the Companies Act, 2013, dividend can only be paid:a)From current year’s profits after depreciationb)From past reserves (in specific cases)c)Not