In computer vision, image representation is the method of converting a real-world scene into a digital format that a computer can understand and process. A digital image is represented as a two-dimensional function f(x,y)f(x,y)f(x,y), where xxx and yyy denote spatial coordinates and fff represents the intensity value at that location. In grayscale images, each pixel stores a single intensity value, whereas in
UNIT I (b): Transportation, Deposition & Lithification(Sedimentary Petrology – CC VI)1. Recap (Background concepts)Before understanding transportation and deposition, we must recall what happens before sediments move:-1.1 Sedimentary rocks-Formed by accumulation, deposition, and lithification of sediments.-Cover ~75% of Earth’s surface.-1.2 Weathering-Weathering is the breakdown of rocks in situ.(a) Physical weathering-Mechanical disintegration-No chemical change-Produces clastic sediments-
Schrödinger 2
Schrödinger arriva alla stessa conclusione di Heisenberg ma con uno strumento molto più complicato. Secondo lui gli elettroni non occupano delle orbite prestabilite intorno al nucleo, l’elettrone non può essere trattato con le leggi della fisica classica: non si può descrivere il moto di un atomo come quello di una macchina. Bisogna usare formule più difficili, con lui nasce la meccanica quantistica, cioè la fisica dell’atomo, con la quale si calcola la probabilita maggiore
...Definition: Region-based Convolutional Neural Network
Fast R-CNN is an object detection algorithm that improves R-CNN by using a single CNN and a multi-stage training architecture for faster and more accurate detection.
Fast R-CNN works in the following stages:
Input Image
– The whole image is given as input once.
Shared Convolutional Layers
– A single CNN extracts
Unit 3a
SEDIMENTARY STRUCTURES
Definition
Sedimentary structures are physical features formed during or just after deposition of sediments.
They give information about:
Depositional environment
Direction of current
Energy conditions
Younging direction of strata
1. Bedding
Bedding refers to layering in sedimentary rocks.
Each layer is called a bed.
Beds form when one layer of sediment is deposited over another.
Bedding planes separate beds of different composition, texture or color.
Thickness of
1. Sedimentary Basins-A sedimentary basin is a low-lying area of the Earth’s crust It undergoes subsidence and accumulates sediments over geological time
Sediments may be clastic, chemical or biogenic
Basins preserve information about tectonics, climate, provenance and resources
2. Physiography of India and Basin Settings
India shows diverse physiographic divisions
Major units:Himalayan orogenic belt,Indo-Gangetic plain
Peninsular craton,Coastal plains,Continental shelf and deep sea
Basin formation
(a) Why is Krumbein’s logarithmic transformation necessary? Grain size data are not normally distributed but are skewed. Krumbein introduced the phi (φ) scale to convert grain size into a logarithmic form. φ = −log₂ (grain diameter in mm). This transformation simplifies statistical analysis of sediments. It helps in easy comparison of grain size parameters like mean, sorting, skewness, and kurtosis.
(b) How are sediments transported by rivers?
Sediments are transported by rivers in four
Processes of Formation of Sedimentary Rocks
Sedimentary rocks are formed by a series of interrelated processes operating at or near the Earth’s surface. These processes can be broadly divided into five main stages:
1. Weathering
Weathering is the breakdown of pre-existing rocks at the Earth’s surface by physical, chemical, and biological processes.
Physical weathering disintegrates rocks without changing composition.
Chemical weathering alters minerals through reactions such as oxidation, hydration,